VIM的基本命令使用以及插件配置

好不容易用英语写完了，懒得翻译了

Basic Usage

Normal Mode

First Open file with VIM command, with get into Normal Mode
h``j``k``l : ←``↓``↑``→
dd : delete current line
x : delete current character
yy : copy current line
p : paste. It will paste last copied, cut or deleted texts.
^ : go to first non-blank character in current line, $ to the end
u : undo, <C-r> : redo. g-/g+ : go to older/newer text state
. : repeat last action
N<command> : repeat Command N times. For example, 2dd : delete two line
gg: go to first line, G : Go to last line, NG : Go to line N (N stands for a number, for example, 10G)
w : move cursor to the beginning of next word, e : move cursor to the end of next word
% : match the closest {, [, (
* : search forward for the occurrence of the word nearest to the cursor., # : search backward.

Insert Mode

i : Get into Insert Mode, Esc back to Normal Mode
I : Start to insert text at the beginning of the current line
o : Begin a new line below the cursor and insert text
O : Begin a new line above the cursor and insert text

Command Mode

Execute command (:), search patterns (/ and ?), and filter commands (!)
:wq : Save then quit, :q: Quit, :w: Save, :q!: Quit current file without saving, :qa! Quit all files without saving
:e <path/to/file> : Open another file
:saveas <path/to/file> : Save as another file

Advance Usage

Insert Mode

gi : goto Insert mode where you left it last time

Normal Mode

<C-y>, <C-e> : check the text above or below the cursor
<C-w>w : Switch windows between last one and current one
<C-w><dir> : <dir> can be h``j``k``l, switch windows to left, down, up or right.
to move at current line
- 0 → head
- ^ → non-blank head
- $ → end
- g_ → non-blank end
- fa → to next character a
- t, → to the character right before the next ,
- 3fa → to the third a
- F, T → same as f, t with reverse direction
```
![line_moves](https://i.imgur.com/mb7T4yD.jpg)
```
manipulate a text block <C-v>, for example:
- add prefixes to multi lines
```
![rectangular-blocks](https://i.imgur.com/CpuySci.gif)
```

*^→ to the head of the line *→ Start to select a block of text *→ to move downward, you also can usehjk``lor%instead *I– → Insert–*[ESC]` → to make effects to every line

append text to multi lines
```
![append-to-many-lines](https://i.imgur.com/Lpxw0LC.gif)
```
- <C-v> → Choose lines (You can also use j, <C-d>, /pattern, %, etc.
- $ → move cursor to the end
- A → start to input text, type press ESC
indentation
```
![autoindent](https://i.imgur.com/0W9g5UD.gif)
```
- J → convert multi lines to single line
- < > → indent to left or right
- = → auto indent

Visual Mode

Block Choosing <action>a<object> or <action>i<object>
- <action> can be any actions, like d(delete), y(copy), v(text selecting).
- <object> can be w(a word), W(a phrase), s(a sentance), p(a paragraph), or a special symbol like ", ', ), }, ].
- For example:
  - vi" → foo
  - va" → “foo”
  - vi) → “foo”
  - va) → (“foo”)
  - v2i) → map (+) (“foo”)
  - v2a) → (map (+) (“foo”))

Command Mode

:split : split window horizontally, :vsplit : split window vertically.
q : Record typed characters into register, then repeat them.
- qa : record every action into register a
- @a : replay it
- @@ : to replay the latest register
- For example:
```
![macros](https://i.imgur.com/8nCWZLj.gif)
```
  - In this text file, only have “1” in it, start to input: qaYp<C-a>q
    - qa → start to record
    - yyp → copy current line to next line
    - <C-a> → add 1
    - q → stop recording
    - @a → write down 2 under 1
    - @@ → write down 3 under 2
    - 100@@ → repeat it 100 times.
:[range]s/<pattern>/<replace>/{flags} : replace text
- TODO
- [range]

Plugins

Explanations of Important Keywords

<Leader>: default is \, you can change it by using let mapleader = ',' in .vimrc file.
<CR>: equals <Return> & <Enter>
<S-...> : shift-key
<C-...>: control-key
<M-...> & <A-...>: alt-key
<D-...>: command-key (Mac only)
g:: means globally. Example:
- let g:last_active_tab = 1 toggle switch between current tab and the last one globally.
remap: Allows for mappings to work recursively.
noremap: Only a single entry. Can NOT be remapped.
n & v & s & i: prefixes, n stands for Normal mode, v stands for Visual mode, s stands for Select Mode, i stands for Insert Mode. Example:
- nnoremap <C-t> :tabnew<CR>: remap Ctrl + t to create a new tab
- inoremap <C-t> <Esc>:tabnew<CR>: same as last one, with an escape action additionally.
<Plug>: in .vimrc file, it has two meanings. First, it’s visible out of the plugin scripts. And the second, use structure <Plug> scriptname mapname to avoid confliction with other plugins. For example: <Plug>TypecorrAdd, Typecorr is the script name, and Add is the function name.

<SID>: is the script ID and not visible outside. Compare with <Plug>, it’s more like private function to other scrips. So can’t use it out of the script. Example:

" ,en ,ep to jump between errors
function! <SID>LocationPrevious()
  try
      lprev
  catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E553/
      llast
  endtry
endfunction

function! <SID>LocationNext()
  try
      lnext
  catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E553/
      lfirst
  endtry
endfunction

nnoremap <silent> <Plug>LocationPrevious :<C-u>exe 'call <SID>LocationPrevious()'<CR>
nnoremap <silent> <Plug>LocationNext :<C-u>exe 'call <SID>LocationNext()'<CR>
nmap <silent> <Leader>ep <Plug>LocationPrevious
nmap <silent> <Leader>en <Plug>LocationNext

<silence>: to make a key mapping can`t be echoed on the command line
<expr> take the argument as expression. For example: inoremap <expr> <C-L> ListItem(), ListItem is a function which is mapped with Ctrl + L.

unblevable/quick-scope

Github Repo: unblevable/quick-scope
Useage: highlights which characters to target for f, F and family.

Key Mapping:

let g:qs_highlight_on_keys = ['f', 'F', 't', 'T'] //

ntpeters/vim-better-whitespace

Github Repo: ntpeters/vim-better-whitespace
Useage: clean extra whitespace.

Key Mapping:

nnoremap <silent> <Leader><Space> :StripWhitespace<CR>
autocmd FileType c,cpp,java,go,php,javascript,puppet,python,rust,twig,xml,yml,perl autocmd BufWritePre <buffer> StripWhitespace
let g:better_whitespace_filetypes_blacklist=['diff', 'gitcommit', 'unite', 'qf', 'help']

Vim-CtrlSpace

Github Repo: vim-ctrlspace/vim-ctrlspace
Useage:
- bookmarks for your favorite projects
- workspaces (sessions)
- tabs / buffers / files management
- fast fuzzy searching powered by Go
Shortkeys:
- Ctrl + Space : open ctrl space command line
- b : bookmark list
- w : workspace list in current bookmark
- l : tab list in current workspace
- o : file list in current workspace
- h : buffer list in current workspace, this is default list when you hit ctrl + space
- / : Into Search Mode, type it again will close search mode. Aka, B, W, L, O, H with uppercase will open the same list with Search Mode
- i : switch directory (when you on the buffer list)
- a : all the files are opend in current workspace
- s : save current workspace/bookmark, then <CR> to confirm
- d : delete a file from current buffer or file list
- j,k : switch items, then <CR> to confirm
- m : rename bookmark or workspace(when you on the workspace list or bookmark list)

Key Mapping:

if has("gui_running")
" Settings for MacVim and Inconsolata font
  let g:CtrlSpaceSymbols = { "File": "◯", "CTab": "▣", "Tabs": "▢" }
endif
if executable("ag")
  let g:CtrlSpaceGlobCommand = 'ag -l --nocolor -g ""'
endif
let g:CtrlSpaceSearchTiming = 500
hi link CtrlSpaceNormal   PMenu
hi link CtrlSpaceSelected PMenuSel
hi link CtrlSpaceSearch   Search
hi link CtrlSpaceStatus   StatusLine
nnoremap <silent><C-p> :CtrlSpace O<CR>
let g:CtrlSpaceLoadLastWorkspaceOnStart = 1
let g:CtrlSpaceSaveWorkspaceOnSwitch = 1
let g:CtrlSpaceSaveWorkspaceOnExit = 1

scrooloose/nerdtree & jistr/vim-nerdtree-tabs

TODO
Github Repo: scrooloose/nerdtree & jistr/vim-nerdtree-tabs
Useage: to explore filesystem and to open files and directories.

Key Mapping:

" nerdtree
map <C-n> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
let NERDTreeHighlightCursorline=1
let NERDTreeIgnore=[ '\.pyc$', '\.pyo$', '\.obj$', '\.o$', '\.so$', '\.egg$', '^\.git$', '^\.svn$', '^\.hg$' ]
"close vim if the only window left open is a NERDTree
autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:NERDTreeType") && b:NERDTreeType == "primary") | q | end
let g:NERDTreeMapOpenSplit = 's'
let g:NERDTreeMapOpenVSplit = 'v'
let g:NERDTreeWinSize=26

" nerdtreetabs
map <C-n> <plug>NERDTreeTabsToggle<CR>
let g:nerdtree_tabs_synchronize_view=0
let g:nerdtree_tabs_synchronize_focus=0
let g:nerdtree_tabs_open_on_console_startup=0
let g:nerdtree_tabs_open_on_gui_startup=0

syntastic

Github Repo: vim-syntastic/syntastic
Useage: a syntax checking plugin

Key Mapping:

execute pathogen#infect()

let g:syntastic_error_symbol='>>'
let g:syntastic_warning_symbol='>'
let g:syntastic_check_on_open=1
let g:syntastic_check_on_wq=0
let g:syntastic_enable_highlighting=1

" checkers
let g:syntastic_php_checkers = ['php', 'phpcs', 'phpmd']
let g:syntastic_python_checkers=['pyflakes', 'pep8'] " 使用pyflakes,速度比pylint快
let g:syntastic_python_pep8_args='--ignore=E501,E225,E124,E712'
let g:syntastic_javascript_checkers = ['jsl', 'jshint']
" let g:syntastic_markdown_checkers = ['proselint']
let g:syntastic_html_checkers=['tidy', 'jshint']

set statusline+=%#warningmsg#
set statusline+=%{SyntasticStatuslineFlag()}
set statusline+=%*

" to see error location list
let g:syntastic_always_populate_loc_list = 1
let g:syntastic_enable_signs = 1
let g:syntastic_auto_loc_list = 0
let g:syntastic_auto_jump = 0

highlight SyntasticErrorSign guifg=white guibg=black

YouCompleteMe

Github Repo: Valloric/YouCompleteMe
Useage: code completion

Key Mapping:

let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion=['<C-j>']
let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion=['<C-k>']
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments = 1
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1
let g:ycm_use_ultisnips_completer = 1
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 1
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files = 1
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1
let g:ycm_goto_buffer_command = 'horizontal-split'

nnoremap <leader>jd :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>
nnoremap <leader>gd :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR>

if !empty(glob("~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"))
    let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = "~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"
endif

vim-easymotion

Github Repo: easymotion/vim-easymotion
Usage: Provides a much simpler way to use some motions in vim.

Keys Mapping:

let g:EasyMotion_smartcase = 1

" <Leader>f{char} to move to {char}
map  <Leader><Leader>f <Plug>(easymotion-bd-f)
nmap <Leader><Leader>f <Plug>(easymotion-overwin-f)

" s{char}{char} to move to {char}{char}
nmap s <Plug>(easymotion-overwin-f2)

" Move to line
map  <Leader><Leader>l <Plug>(easymotion-bd-jk)
nmap <Leader><Leader>l <Plug>(easymotion-overwin-line)

easyalign

Github Repo: junegunn/vim-easy-align
Usage: alignment

Keys Mapping:

vmap ga <Plug>(EasyAlign)
nmap ga <Plug>(EasyAlign)
let g:easy_align_ignore_groups = ['Comment', 'String']
let g:easy_align_delimiters = {
   \ '>': { 'pattern': '>>\|=>\|>' },
   \ '/': {
   \     'pattern':         '//\+\|/\*\|\*/',
   \     'delimiter_align': 'l',
   \     'ignore_groups':   ['!Comment'] },
   \ ']': {
   \     'pattern':       '[[\]]',
   \     'left_margin':   0,
   \     'right_margin':  0,
   \     'stick_to_left': 0
   \   },
   \ ')': {
   \     'pattern':       '[()]',
   \     'left_margin':   0,
   \     'right_margin':  0,
   \     'stick_to_left': 0
   \   },
   \ 'd': {
   \     'pattern':      ' \(\S\+\s*[;=]\)\@=',
   \     'left_margin':  0,
   \     'right_margin': 0
   \   }
   \ }

NerdTree

Github Repo: scrooloose/nerdtree
Usage: to explore your filesystem and to open files and directories.

Keys Mapping:

map <leader>n :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
let NERDTreeShowBookmarks=1
let NERDTreeHighlightCursorline=1
let NERDTreeIgnore=[ '\.pyc$', '\.pyo$', '\.obj$', '\.o$', '\.so$', '\.egg$', '^\.git$', '^\.svn$', '^\.hg$' ]
"close vim if the only window left open is a NERDTree
autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:NERDTreeType") && b:NERDTreeType == "primary") | q | end
let g:NERDTreeMapOpenSplit = 's'
let g:NERDTreeMapOpenVSplit = 'v'
let g:NERDTreeWinSize=26

NERDCommenter

Github Repo: scrooloose/nerdcommenter
Usage: to wrangle your code comments.
Shortkeys:
- [count]<leader>cc : Comment out the current line or text selected in visual mode.
- [count]<leader>c<space> : Toggles the comment state of the selected line(s). If the topmost selected line is commented, all selected lines are uncommented and vice versa.
- [count]<leader>cs : Comments out the selected lines with a pretty block formatted layout.
- [count]<leader>ci : Toggles the comment state of the selected line(s) individually.

Keys Mapping:

" Add spaces after comment delimiters by default
let g:NERDSpaceDelims = 1
" Use compact syntax for prettified multi-line comments
let g:NERDCompactSexyComs = 1
" Align line-wise comment delimiters flush left instead of following code indentation
let g:NERDDefaultAlign = 'left'
" Allow commenting and inverting empty lines (useful when commenting a region)
let g:NERDCommentEmptyLines = 1

Airline

Github Repo: vim-airline/vim-airline
Usage: rich statusbar.

Keys Mapping:

if !exists('g:airline_symbols')
    let g:airline_symbols = {}
endif

let g:airline_mode_map = {
    \ '__' : '-',
    \ 'n'  : 'N',
    \ 'i'  : 'I',
    \ 'R'  : 'R',
    \ 'c'  : 'C',
    \ 'v'  : 'V',
    \ 'V'  : 'V',
    \ '' : 'V',
    \ 's'  : 'S',
    \ 'S'  : 'S',
    \ '' : 'S',
    \ }

let g:airline_left_sep = '❯'
let g:airline_right_sep = '❮'
let g:airline_symbols.linenr = '¶'
let g:airline_symbols.branch = '⎇'

Basic Usage#

Normal Mode#

Insert Mode#

Command Mode#

Advance Usage#

Insert Mode#

Normal Mode#

Visual Mode#

Command Mode#

Plugins#

Explanations of Important Keywords#

unblevable/quick-scope#

ntpeters/vim-better-whitespace#

Vim-CtrlSpace#

scrooloose/nerdtree & jistr/vim-nerdtree-tabs#

syntastic#

YouCompleteMe#

vim-easymotion#

easyalign#

NerdTree#

NERDCommenter#

Airline#

Basic Usage

Normal Mode

Insert Mode

Command Mode

Advance Usage

Insert Mode

Normal Mode

Visual Mode

Command Mode

Plugins

Explanations of Important Keywords

unblevable/quick-scope

ntpeters/vim-better-whitespace

Vim-CtrlSpace

scrooloose/nerdtree & jistr/vim-nerdtree-tabs

syntastic

YouCompleteMe

vim-easymotion

easyalign

NerdTree

NERDCommenter

Airline